On Saturday evening in Washington, Barack Obama will attend his last White House Correspondents' Association dinner as president.
The black-tie affair is an annual gathering of politicians, journalists, celebrities and other notables from Washington and beyond. The highlight of the evening is the president's speech, during which he makes fun of himself, his allies and his opponents, often in equal measure.
Mr Obama has not spared many from his zingers in past years - and that includes current Republican presidential front-runner Donald Trump.
He's also returned to a few common threads throughout his presidency: jokes about his "birth country" (Kenya, as some critics falsely claim), and the challenges of facing a hostile Republican Congress.
Here's a look at some of Mr Obama's best lines and sharpest jabs from the past seven White House Correspondents Dinners, and the political context in which they were delivered.
2015: Political opponents
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Media caption2015: Considering his legacy
"Welcome to the fourth quarter of my presidency," Mr Obama said in 2015, noting his wife, Michelle, was cheering the loudest.
Mr Obama spent a good portion of the speech picking on conservatives and their efforts to block him in the last two years of his presidency.
"[Former Republican representative] Michele Bachmann predicted I'd bring about a Biblical end-of-days," Mr Obama said, shaking his head. "Now that's a legacy."
2014: Midterms
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Media caption2014: Mid-term elections in Washington
As races in Congress heated up in spring 2014, Mr Obama made reference to his sinking poll numbers and Democrats worrying about a negative effect on their own elections.
"Sasha needed a speaker at Career Day and she asked Bill Clinton," Mr Obama said of his youngest daughter. "I was a little hurt."
He also made the first reference to a likely presidential run by former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton.
2013: Healthcare.gov and "rookie mistakes"
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Media caption2013: Time for a reset
In the middle of a problematic roll out for the website for Mr Obama's healthcare law, Mr Obama needled himself about "rookie mistakes" - including commenting on California Attorney General Kamala Harris's looks.
Mr Obama also mocked some media companies, saying "BuzzFeed" used to be "something I did in college at 2am" and comparing his recent horrendous free throw session (two out of 22) as less reliable than broadcaster NBC's record with successful programmes.
2012: Re-election
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Media caption2012: What's different four years on?
While the Republican candidates for the presidency in 2012 were still battling in the primaries, Mr Obama singled out front-runner (and eventual nominee) Mitt Romney to compare educations. Two degrees from Harvard instead of one? "Snob" Mr Obama joked.
The president also opened his 2012 speech with a nod to the year before.
"In fact this very weekend last year, we finally delivered justice to one of the world's most notorious individuals."
Mr Obama had announced the death of Osama bin Laden the day after the 2011 Correspondents Dinner. But the picture on the screen behind him in 2012? Donald Trump.
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Media caption2012: President Obama jokes about Mitt Romney
2011: Long-form birth certificate
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Media caption2011: President Obama mixed comedy with some early campaigning
After Donald Trump pressed Mr Obama for his long-form birth certificate (three years after Mr Obama had been elected), Mr Obama did so, and then took it to Mr Trump at the 2011 dinner.
The businessman was in the audience - and he wasn't laughing.
2010: Bad 'ratings'
In year two of Mr Obama's administration, he noted his approval ratings were dropping from highs right after his election, but was still using material that referred back to the 2008 campaign.
The president also made reference to struggling banks and the US attempt to shore them up after a market crash. "All our jokes tonight are brought to you by Goldman Sachs," He said. "They make money whether you laugh or not."
2009: First Hundred Days
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Media caption2009: Obama at his first White House Correspondents' Dinner
Mr Obama's first correspondents dinner came shortly after he had finished his first 100 days in office - a milestone which many campaigns use to fulfil promises.
He took the opportunity to remind people what the new Obama administration had already done - and make light of an expensive situation for the US - the government bailout of General Motors, a major automotive firm.
"Just last week, Car and Driver named me auto executive of the year," Mr Obama said.
Monday, 2 May 2016
Whatsapp yafungwa kwa saa 72 Misri
Hakimu mmoja nchini Brazili amefunga mawasiliano ya mtandano wa simu kwa njia ya whatsapp kwa saa 72.Hakimu huyo Marcel Montalvao amesema kampuni inayomiliki mtandao huo imeshindwa kusaidia kutoa taarifa katika kesi ya uhalifu.
Mwezi Machi,Montalvao aliamuru kukamatwa kwa afisa mwandamizi wa Facebook katika nchi za Kilatini bwana Diego Dzoran baada ya kukataa kutoa ushirikiano katika uchunguzi dhidi ya dawa za kulevya.
Whatsapp mtandao unaomilikiwa na Facebook umesema umekatishwa tamaa na kitendo hicho kwa kuwa wamekuwa wakitoa ushirikiano wa kutosha mahakamani.
Mtandao huo umekuwa ukifungiwa mara kadhaa nchini Brazil kwa miezi michache ya karibuni kwa sababu zinazofanana na hizo.
Magufuli apunguza kodi ya mapato na 2%
Huku wafanyikazi kote duniani wakiadhimisha sikukuu ya wafanyakazi, nchini Tanzania, wafanyikazi wanakila sababu ya kutabasamu.
Rais wa Tanzania John Pombe Magufuli amewaongezea wafanyikazi wote nchini humo asilimia mia mbili 2% mishahara.
Katika hotuba ya kuadhimisha siku ya wafanyikazi, bw Magufuli alitangaza kupunguzwa kwa kodi ya mapato PAYE kutoka asilimia 11% hadi asilimia 9%.
Hii inamaanisha kuwa kila mfanyikazi atapata ongezeko la mapato yake kwa asilimia 2%.
Magufuli alitangaza kauli hiyo kufuatia ombi la wafanyikazi kupitia kwa katibu mkuu bwana Nicholus Mgaya la kutaka wanusuriwe makali ya mfumuko wa bei ya bidhaa muhimu.
Aidha rais Magufuli alisema anatimiza ahadi aliotoa kwa wapiga kura wakati wa kampeini kuwa endapo watamchagua angefanya kila jitihada kuwapunguzia mzigo wa kodi wafanyikazi wa Tanzania.
Kuhusu ongezeko la mshahara wa chini zaidi atakaolipwa mtanzania bw Magufuli amewasihi wampe muda kidogo akomeshe rushwa na kuimarisha uchumi wa taifa kisha atatoa tangazo.
Image copyrightMichuzi
Image caption
Magufuli alitangaza kauli hiyo kufuatia ombi la wafanyikazi kupitia kwa katibu mkuu bwana Nicholus Mgaya
''Pamoja na uamuzi huo, Rais Magufuli pia amewaahidi wafanyakazi kuwa baada ya kupunguza kodi katika mishahara ya wafanyakazi, serikali yake itafanyia kazi mapendekezo ya kuongeza mishahara''
''aidha, amewataka wafanyakazi kuunga mkono juhudi za kuwafichua wanaozalisha wafanyakazi hewa, huku akibainisha kuwa mpaka kufikia jana tarehe 30 Aprili, 2016 jumla ya wafanyakazi hewa waliobainika walikuwa 10,293 ambao kwa mwezi mmoja tu wamelipwa shilingi bilioni 11.6.''
Taarifa ya Kaimu Mkurugenzi wa Mawasiliano, ikulu Dodoma Gerson Msigwa ilisema.
Mshirikishe mwenzak
Leicester City mabingwa wapya EPL
Klabu ya soka ya Leicester City wameshinda taji la ligi kuu England katika historia inayovutia kwenye ligi hiyo. Suluhu ya 2-2 waliyoipata Tottenham dhidi ya Chelsea siku ya jumatatu usiku ilisababisha mafanikio hayo makubwa kuwahi kutokea kwa upande wa Claudio Ranieri.
Image copyrightAP
Image caption
mashabiki wa timu ya Leicester City
Leicester walianza kampeni zao za ubingwa huku wakipewa nafasi moja tu kati ya 5000 kushinda taji la ligi na pia wakitoka katika janga la kutaka kushuka daraja.
Lakini wamepoteza michezo mitatu tu katika kile kinachotafsiriwa kama hadithi za kale na ushindi wa kipekee katika timu hiyo. Wapinzani wao wa karibu Spurs,Arsenal,Manchester City, Manchester United na washindi wa ligi msimu uliopita Chelsea wameshindwa kuwazuia mbweha katika msimu mzima wa ligi.
''Kwa kigezo cha soka la ndani,Leicester City kushinda taji la ligi kuu ni mafanikio makubwa sana katika historia na haiwezi kusahaulika'' kiungo wa zamani wa Leicester Robbie Savage ameiambia BBC.''Ni jambo la ajabu.Hii ni hatua ya mageuzi katika historia ya Ligi Kuu."
Rais wa shirikisho la soka duniani Gianni Infantino amesema historia nzuri ya Leicester ilikua ni kama hadithi za kale.
Top Stories Breaking News: Leicester Win Premier League As Spurs Draw
Leicester Win Premier League As Spurs Draw
Fans party in the streets of the East Midlands city as the Foxes beat 5,000-1 odds to end their fairytale season in triumph.
23:21, UK,
Monday 02 May 2016
Leicester FC supporters
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Leicester City have won the Premier League after their title rivals Tottenham Hotspur failed to beat Chelsea at Stamford Bridge.
There were tears and jubilant scenes in pubs across the city and outside the King Power stadium as a 2-2 draw confirmed the Foxes as unlikely champions - beating 5,000-1 odds.
It was a heartbreaking night for Tottenham fans, whose team had looked set to keep the title race going before surrendering a 2-0 lead to their London rivals.
Leicester King Power stadium
Hundreds of fans gathered at the King Power stadium to celebrate
Leicester defender Christian Fuchs tweeted a video showing wild celebrations at Jamie Vardy's house in Melton Mowbray as the final whistle blew in West London.
But the squad's manager Claudio Ranieri may have missed his side's moment of glory - having told Sky Sports he was likely to be on a plane after visiting his 96-year-old mother in Italy.
Leicester will receive the Premier League trophy following their final home game of the season against Everton on Saturday.
Among the first to congratulate the new champions was David Cameron, who tweeted: "Many congratulations to Leicester. An extraordinary, thoroughly deserved, Premier League title."
Former England and Leicester striker Gary Lineker said: "Leicester City have won the Premier League. The biggest sporting shock of my lifetime, and it's only my team."
It was the second day in a row the bars and pubs in the East Midlands city were packed out with fans following the action.
The Foxes could have clinched the title themselves on Sunday with a win against Manchester United.
A cake celebrating Leicester City's Premier League win
Play video "Leicester's Recipe For Success"
Video: Leicester's Recipe For Success
But the game ended 1-1 at Old Trafford after captain Wes Morgan equalised following an early Anthony Martial volley.
After the final whistle at Stamford Bridge, many Leicester City supporters admitted they could barely believe their club were champions of England - completing a fairytale season that has captured the attention of sport fans around the world.
Jagdeep Tumber, 19, said: "It won't feel real until I see Wes Morgan or Andy King, who has been at the club through our lowest point, lifting the trophy.
"Just to say that we are champions of England is just incredible."
Morgan, the Leciester captain, said: "Saturday can't come quickly enough. I can't wait to get my hands on the trophy.
"Everyone's worked so hard for this, nobody believed we could do it, but here we are, Premier League champions and deservedly so.
"I've never known a spirit like the one between these boys, we're like brothers."
Among the disappointed Spurs fans was singer Adele, who comes from Tottenham.
She said: "Proud of you Spurs! But Leicester... What an inspiration, the best f***** story ever! Congratulations!!!! X"
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RANIERI ANAIFUKUZIA REKODI ILIYOWEKWA NA MAKOCHA 7 TANGU 1992
Premier League inatazamwa kama ligi bora ya ndani kama siyo duniani, inajumuisha vilabu vyenye mashabiki wengi kwenye sayari hii. Vilabu kama Manchester United, Chelsea, Liverpool na Arsenal lakini inabakia kuwa ligi inayotazamwa zaidi na yenye ushindani zaidi ambapo timu yoyote inaweza kufungwa bila kujali inafungwa na timu iliyonafasi gani.
Tangu kuanzishwa kwa Premier League mwaka 1992, ni mameneja saba pekee ambao wameweza kutwaa taji hilo wakiwemo Sir Alex Ferguson, Arsene Wenger na Jose Mourinho.
Lakini kuna mwanaume mwingine ambaye anaweza kuungana na magwiji hao, jinalake ni Claudio Ranieri.
Ranieri
Leicester ya Claudio Ranieri inahitaji pointi tatu pekee ili kutwaa ubingwa wa Premier League, na wanaweza kufanikiwa katika hilo kwa kuifunga Manchester United Jumapili hii.
Ranieri aliteuliwa kuchukua nafasi ya Nigel Pearson wakati wa majira ya joto yaliyopita baada ya kocha huyo wa Kigiriki kupigwa chini na sasa Rarieri yuko mbioni kuwa kocha wa nane kushinda taji la Premier League.
Lakini ma-manager wengine ambao tayari wameshaandika historia zao kwenye kitabu cha makocha waliowahi kushinda Premier League ni hawa wafuatao
7. Carlo Ancelotti-Chelsea-taji 1
Muitaliano huyo mwenye uzoefu alichukua nafasi ya Guus Hiddink mwaka 2009 ambaye alikuwa kocha wa muda. Baada ya miezi miwili pekee ndani ya jiji la London, Ancelotti alinyakua ngao ya jamii ( Community Shield) baada ya kuifunga Manchester United chini ya Sir Alex Furguson kwa mikwaju ya penati kufuatia draw ya 2-2.
He also led the Stamford Bridge outfit to domestic double Premier League and FA Cup titles in his first season at the club.
Alikisaidia kikosi hicho cha Stamford Bridge kutwaa mataji mawili Premier League na FA Cup kwenye msimu wake wa kwanza ndani ya Chelsea.
Maji aliyoshinda:
Premier League: 2009–10
Ancelotti
6. Kenny Danglish-Blackburn Rovers-taji 1
Kenny Dalglish alikiongoza kikosi cha Blackburn Rovers kushinda kombe la Premier League msimu wa 1994/95, wakimaliza kwa pointi moja mbele ya Manchester United shukrani za pekee zikienda kwa Shearer ns Sutton kwa partnership yao ya hatari.
Shearer na Sutton ni miongoni mwa safu hatari kuwahi kutokea ndani ya Premier League, kwa pamoja wakiwa wamefunga jumla ya magoli 46 (Shearer 31 na Sutton 15) wakiwa wameifungia Blackburn Rovers na kuiwezesha kuchukua ndoo hiyo ya EPL mikononi kwa Manchester United.
dalglish and sherwood web.jpg-pwrt2
5. Manuel Pellegrini-Manchester City-taji 1
Raia huyo wa Chile aliteuliwa kuwa kocha mpya wa Manchester City mwaka 2013 baada ya kuondoka kwa Roberto Mancini, Manuel Pellegrini alikuwa kocha wa kwanza kutoka nje ya Ulaya kushinda Premier League ndani ya msimu wake wa kwanza kwenye dimba la Etihad Stadium.
Manuel
Roberto Mancini-Manchester City-taji 1
Kocha huyo kutoka Italia alikichukua kikosi cha City kutoka mikononi kwa Mark Hughes kuanzia mwaka 2009 hadi 2011.
Msimu wake wa kwanza, Mancini aliisaidia Man City kumaliza nafasi ya tano, nafasi ya juu kuwahi kushika kabla ya kuiongoza kutwaa taji lao la kwanza mwaka 2012 baada ya miaka 44.
Kikosi cha Mancini ilibidi kipambane kufuta pengo la pointi nane kati yao na Manchester City ndani ya mechi sita za mwisho, kabla ya kutwaa taji hilo dakika za lala salama kwenye mchezo wao wa mwisho kwa magoli yaliyofungwa na Edin Dzeko na Sergio Aguero dhidi ya Queens Park Rangers.
Mancini
3. Arsena Wenger-Arsenal-mataji 3
Mfaransa huyu alitua Arsenal mwaka 1995, tangu kipindi hicho wakali hao wa London Kaskazini hawajamaliza nje ya nafasi za kucheza Champions League (top four).
Wenger amekiongoza kikosi cha The Gunners kutwaa mataji matatu ya Premier League ndani ya miaka yake 19 aliyodumu lakini ameshindwa kutwaa taji hilo tangu mwaka 2004.
Mataji aliyoshinda:
Premier League (3): 1997–98, 2001–02, 2003–04
ARSENAL FC MANAGER HOLDS THE FA CUP AND PREMIER LEAGUE TROPHIES.
2. Jose Mourinho-Chelsea-mataji 3
Mourinho ameweza kutwaa mataji matatu ya Premier League ndani ya misimu mitano (kwa nyakati mbili tofauti), kwa sasa anatajwa kuwa miongoni mwa ma-kocha bora duniani akiwa ameweza kutwaa mataji ya ndani na vilabu vinne katika nchi nne tofauti.
2B18B31A00000578-3186872-image-a-12_1438859252117
Tuzungumzie England, Mourinho anashikilia rekodi ndani ya Premier League kama ile ya kuhukua kombe akiwa na pointi nyingi kwenye msimu baada ya kushinda kombe akiwa na pointi 95 mwaka 2004-05.
He also became the most dominant manager in Premier League history last campaign by spending entire season at the top of the table.
Msimu uliopita aliweka rekodi ya kuwa kocha iliyeiongoza Chelsea kukaa kileleni mwa msimamo wa ligi kwa muda mrefu bila kuondolewa.
Mataji aliyoshinda:
Premier League(3): 2004–05, 2005–06, 2014–15
1. Sir Alex Ferguson-Manchester United-mataji 13
Nyota huyo wa Scotland alitumia miaka 27 akiwa kocha wa Manchester United kati ya 1986 na 2013, akifanikiwa kuweka rekodi ya kushinda mataji 13 ya Premier League na mengine mengi ya ndani pamoja na yale ya Ulaya.
Sir-Alex-Ferguson-008
Ferguson alistaafu masuala ya soka mwaka 3013, ni kocha pekee ambaye ameweza kutwaa ubingwa wa Premier League mara tatu mfululizo kati ya 1998/99 na 2000/01 kisha akaruadia tena kati ya 2006/07 and 2008/09.
Mataji aliyowahi kutwaa:
Premier League (13): 1992–93, 1993–94, 1995–96, 1996–97, 1998–99, 1999–2000, 2000–01, 2002–03, 2006–07, 2007–08, 2008–09, 2010–11, 2012–13
Wednesday, 2 December 2015
WORKSHOP
SAFETY IN THE WORKSHOP
The following are the precautions that to be followed when you are working in the engineering workshop
ü Never work while tired or taking medication.
ü Try not to rush the job.
ü Be aware of your attention or lack of it to the job – repetitive cuts can lend themselves to day dreaming.
ü Avoid distractions – never surprise someone who is working with tools.
ü A fully equipped First-Aid box should be present and readily accessible in every workshop.
ü No open flames or tobacco smoking!
ü Keep the floor area clear and wipe up all spilled liquids immediately to prevent a slipping hazard.
ü use a mask or respirator to protect against the toxic vapors from
ü Wear proper dress. It is important that the worker is correctly dressed for the work to be done.
ü Long hair must be covered up under a hat.
ü Make sure you know how to start and to stop a machine.
ü Loose clothes such as tie and cuffs must be avoided.
ü Always wear safety shoes.
COMMON ACCIDENTS OCCUR IN THE WORK SHOP
ü Loose of body parts eg. hand
ü Loss of hearing due to noise.
ü Loss of eye due to abrasive materials like sparks.
ü Loss of life.
ü Falling of objects.
Benchwork
Is any type of labor or work that is managed using a workbench rather than with the use of heavy machinery in a workshop.
THE BASIC BENCHWORK CONDUCTED IN THE WORKSHOP
The following are the bench works that are common conducted in the workshop, namely;
ü Tapping; Involves the operation of making threads.
ü Drilling; is the process of cutting round holes in a work piece.
ü Filling; is the process which involves shaping and final smoothing of materials.
ü Chiseling; They are used for cutting out and shearing of sheet metal
ü Clamping; Holding of a work piece.
TOOLS WHICH ARE USED IN BENCH WORK
ü Vise
ü Taper
ü Hand Drill
ü File
ü Grinding wheel
ü Chisel
ü Hand saw
ü Smooth plane
MACHINE PROCESS
The following are the machines that can be found in the workshop
1. LATHE MACHINE
Is the machine that used to produce different shapes which are in cylindrical shapes and upon which a range of operations can be performed. Its basic function is to produce internal and external cylindrical shapes but it can also be used to produce flat, tapered, or contoured surfaces and screw threads to a high degree of accuracy.
MAIN PARTS OF LATHE MACHINE
Head stock; The headstock holds the spindle and drive mechanism for turning the work piece.
Tail stock; The tailstock supports long work that would otherwise sag or flex too much to allow for accurate machining
Bed; The lathe bed is a mounting and aligning surface for the other machine components
Carriage; The carriage provides mounting and motion control components for tooling. The carriage moves left and right, either through manual operation of a hand wheel, or it can be driven by a lead screw.
Cross Slides; The cross-slide is mounted to the top of the carriage to provide movement perpendicular to the length of the bed for facing cuts.
Also the other parts are;
Tool post; hold cutting tools
Compound slides; It is used for turning tapers, to control depth of cut when screwcutting or precision facing.
Chuck (three jaws and four jaws chucks); hold a workpiece
Lathe centers; made from high speed steel (HSS) and then hardened to support work between the head stock and tail stock
Steadies; they are used to give addition support when machining long lengths of bar. (Reduce the vibration of the workpiece)
2. MILLING MACHINE
is the machine that carry out the process of machining flat, curved, or irregular surfaces by feeding the workpiece against a rotating cutter containing a number of cutting edges.
MAIN PARTS OF MILLING MACHIE
Base; The base of the machine is Grey iron casting accurately machined on its top and bottom surface and serves as a foundation member for all the other parts which rest upon it. It carries the column at its one end. In some machines, the bage is hollowed and working as a reservoir for cutting fluid.
Column; The column is the main supporting frame mounted vertically on the bage. The column is box shaped. Heavily ribbed inside and houses all the driving mechanisms for the spindle and table feed. The front vertical face of the column is accurately machined and is provided with dovetail guide ways of supporting knee. The top of the column is finished to hold an over-arm that extends outward at the front of the machine.
Knee; The knee is the rigid gray iron casting that slides up and down on the vertical way of the column face. The adjustment of height is effected by elevating screw on the base that also supports the knee. The knee houses the feed mechanism of the table, and in different controls to operate it. The top face of the knee forms slid way for the saddle to provide cross travel of the table.
Saddle; The saddle is placed on the top of the knee, which slides on guide ways set exactly at 90 to column face. A cross feed screw near the top of the knee engages a nut of the bottom of the saddle to move it horizontally, by hand or power, to apply cross feed. The top of the saddle is accurately machined to provide guide ways for the table.
Table; The table rest on ways on the saddle and travels longitudinally. The top of the table is accurately finished and T-slots are provided for clamping the work and other fixtures on it. A lead screw under the table engages a nut on the saddle to move the table horizontally by hand or power. The longitudinal travel of the table may be limited by fixing trip dogs on the side of the table. In universal machines, the table may also be swiveled horizontally. For this purpose the table is mounted on a circular bage which in its turn is mounted on the saddle. The circular bage is graduated in the degree.
Over hanging arm; Over hanging arm is mounted on the top of column extends beyond the column face and serve as a bearing support may be provided nearest to the cutter. More than one bearing support may be provided for the arbor.
TYPES OF MILLING MACHINE
Vertical milling machineIn the vertical mill the spindle axis is vertically oriented. Milling cutters are held in the spindle and rotate on its axis. The spindle can generally be extended (or the table can be raised/lowered, giving the same effect), allowing plunge cuts and drilling. Or a milling machine with a worktable that is parallel to the ground and a spindle that is positioned vertically.
Horizontal milling machineA horizontal mill has the same sort of x–y table, but the cutters are mounted on a horizontal arbor across the table.
3. DRILL PRESS MASHINE
This is the another type of machine which used to perform different activities (operations) such as; boring, reaming, countersinking, counterboring, tapering, drilling.
Diagram of drill press machine
Main parts of drill machine
The drill machine has got four main parts namely; base, column, table and head.
Head; control the motion and contain the gear
Column; is used to support the table.
Table;place a workpiece
Base; support the whole machine
The following are the operation done by drill machine
Drilling;is an Operation of producing hole by removing metal from solid mass using twist drill
Countersinking is an Operation of producing tapered or cone-shaped enlargement to end of hole
Tapping is the process of Cutting internal threads in hole with cutting tool called tap
Counterboring is the Enlarging of previously drilled hole to given depth to provide square shoulder for head of bolt or capscrew
Reaming is the Operation of sizing and producing smooth, round hole from previously drilled or bored hole
Boring is the process of enlarging hole by means of single-point cutting tool
